This is a medical illustration of drug-resistant, Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, presented in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) publication entitled, Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2019 (AR Threats Report).
Illustrator credit: Alissa Eckert; James Archer
The Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) is reporting a tuberculosis (TB) outbreak in the greater Kansas City area centering around Wyandotte County, which is where the city is located, and neighboring Johnson County.1
As of the most recent update (January 24), the active cases being reported are 60 cases in Wyandotte County, and 7 cases in Johnson County. The number of latent infections since 2024 is 77 cases in Wyandotte county, and 2 cases in Johnson County.1
Officials are saying this is the largest TB outbreak in the US since records were kept going back several decades.
What You Need to Know
The Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) has reported a major tuberculosis (TB) outbreak in Wyandotte and Johnson counties.
Many people carry the TB bacteria in a latent form (LTBI) without symptoms, but about 5-10% of infected individuals will develop active TB if untreated, which can be fatal and highly transmissible.
Kansas health authorities are providing free TB testing and treatment for uninsured individuals, working to identify close contacts of infected patients, and ensuring continued care to prevent further spread.
Latent Vs Active TB infection
For the uninitiated, people with latent TB Infection (LTBI) are infected with the bacteria, mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes TB, but do not have the disease. The bacterium can become active and develop into an active TB disease.2 In active infection, the body’s immune system cannot fight off the bacterium. People will feels the effects, can spread the bacteria, and can die if not treated.3
In terms of transmissibility, TB is spread through the air from 1 person to another. The TB pathogen can be released from a person with active TB when he or she coughs, speaks, or sings.3
US Incidence Rates Vs Internationally
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that up to 13 million people in the United States have LTBI.3 While not everyone with LTBI will develop TB disease, without treatment about 5%–10% of infected people will develop active TB disease over their lifetimes. 2
The incidence rate of TB is much higher in developing countries than here in the United States. In the US, the TB rate declined slightly (-2.3%) from 2016 to 2017 with approximately 2.8 cases per 100,000 persons.4
According to the World Health Organization, in 2023, an estimated 10.8 million people became infected with TB worldwide, including 6.0 million men, 3.6 million women and 1.3 million children.5 Worldwide, up to 25% of the population might be infected with LTBI.6
What is Being Done in Kansas
Following standard practice in infectious disease investigations, KDHE said local health departments are working with each patient to identify possible close contacts and conduct TB testing at no cost. Patients who test positive will be further screened to determine if they have active TB disease or latent TB infection, which will help determine the best treatment.1
Treatment will be provided through the patient’s local health department, and it will be provided for free if the person is uninsured or the treatment isn’t covered by health insurance. Treatment will be provided through the patient’s local health department and will be provided for free if the person is uninsured or the treatment isn’t covered by health insurance.1
Health department staff will remain in touch with patients throughout treatment to help them stay on course and address any questions or concerns they may have.1
